최신CIPS Procurement and Supply in Practice - L4M8무료샘플문제
문제1
What are advantages and disadvantages of the two types of specifications?
What are advantages and disadvantages of the two types of specifications?
정답:
Ones the need is understood, the procurement professional develops the specifications while working together with stakeholders and colleagues to ensure that the final design is fit for purposes that it meets the generated need.
Specification can be focus on performance or conformance.
Performance specification states what the product or service must do or how it should perform but leave the supplier the freedom to achieve this, however they wish.
Performance specification brings the following advantages; it allows supplier innovation, promote competition in the market place, shorter document, quick to prepare. The disadvantage of perfor-mance specification is that buyers may not know exactly what they will be getting.
Conformance specification gives clear instructions to the supplier about what is required and how it should be achieved. Examples of conformance specifications are chemical formulae, recipes and technical drawings.
Conformance specification specifies which standards a requirement must meet or exceed. The advantage of using it is; buyers know exactly what they will get. It has the following disadvantages; the buyer bears the risk, it does not encourage supplier to innovate, take longer and complex documentation.
* Refer to the question column for response
Specification can be focus on performance or conformance.
Performance specification states what the product or service must do or how it should perform but leave the supplier the freedom to achieve this, however they wish.
Performance specification brings the following advantages; it allows supplier innovation, promote competition in the market place, shorter document, quick to prepare. The disadvantage of perfor-mance specification is that buyers may not know exactly what they will be getting.
Conformance specification gives clear instructions to the supplier about what is required and how it should be achieved. Examples of conformance specifications are chemical formulae, recipes and technical drawings.
Conformance specification specifies which standards a requirement must meet or exceed. The advantage of using it is; buyers know exactly what they will get. It has the following disadvantages; the buyer bears the risk, it does not encourage supplier to innovate, take longer and complex documentation.
* Refer to the question column for response
문제2
Explain why you think quality should be investigated before working with potential supplier?
Explain why you think quality should be investigated before working with potential supplier?
정답:
Quality is fitness for purpose. It is important that quality is investigated by procurement professionals before forming relationship with potential supplies.
If quality is not investigated before selecting supplier the organization might stand the risk of facing the following disadvantages; Reputational Damages Cost of Rework Cost of Downtime Cost of Material Cost of being stocked with the wrong supplier Cost of being stocked in a project that may not come to an end at the forecasted time.
How buyer can choose a supplier with a good quality culture is first by defining the quality of the product or services to be carried out .Having knowledge of the product or service quality, supplies can rightly select and evaluated supplier with total quality management (TQM) in their system, ISO 9001 accreditation. TQM includes everyone in the organization with knowledge on the required quality; there would be little or no rejection/reworks. Thus is an added value to the organization.
* Refer to the question column for response
If quality is not investigated before selecting supplier the organization might stand the risk of facing the following disadvantages; Reputational Damages Cost of Rework Cost of Downtime Cost of Material Cost of being stocked with the wrong supplier Cost of being stocked in a project that may not come to an end at the forecasted time.
How buyer can choose a supplier with a good quality culture is first by defining the quality of the product or services to be carried out .Having knowledge of the product or service quality, supplies can rightly select and evaluated supplier with total quality management (TQM) in their system, ISO 9001 accreditation. TQM includes everyone in the organization with knowledge on the required quality; there would be little or no rejection/reworks. Thus is an added value to the organization.
* Refer to the question column for response
문제3
Which Incoterm applies here?
The supplier is responsible for delivering the goods directly onto the vessel that will transport them to their named destination, covering the cost of both the transport and the insurance to cover this. Again, the supplier bears all risks until the goods are delivered to the buyer at their named place.
Which Incoterm applies here?
The supplier is responsible for delivering the goods directly onto the vessel that will transport them to their named destination, covering the cost of both the transport and the insurance to cover this. Again, the supplier bears all risks until the goods are delivered to the buyer at their named place.
정답: D
문제4
Write down a list of assets that belong to an organization with which you are familiar.
Write down a list of assets that belong to an organization with which you are familiar.
정답:
Assets are things that an organization owns regarded as having value and available to meet debt and generate revenue. The following are list of assets owned by Fullpower project, a shoe manufacturing firm;
1) Machinery,
2) a factory,
3) an innovative software,
4) skills of its personnel,
5) land,
6) Distribution network.
7) Its long time relationship with experienced suppliers of raw materials and Distributors of finished shoes.
1) Machinery,
2) a factory,
3) an innovative software,
4) skills of its personnel,
5) land,
6) Distribution network.
7) Its long time relationship with experienced suppliers of raw materials and Distributors of finished shoes.
문제5
Create a list of assets of a company with which you're familiar and divide them into standard and bespoke categorizing.
Create a list of assets of a company with which you're familiar and divide them into standard and bespoke categorizing.
정답:
Name of company: Full power projects
Business: Project management training and consultancy
If an organization is sourcing an asset that is readily available or mass produced then the cost associated with the design and manufacturing will be lower percentage of the total cost than if an organization commissions a bespoke piece of equipment to be designed and manufactured.
The following are a list of assets owned by fullpower projects.
Standard/off the shelf (Mass produced)
Projector from a shop-displayed files and document jackets from market
Desks and furniture
Bespoke/specialist - white board and marker
With extra, e.g. made with company color
Gift/ sovereign (bags and T. shirt) with coup any label, color and design Refer to the question column for response
Business: Project management training and consultancy
If an organization is sourcing an asset that is readily available or mass produced then the cost associated with the design and manufacturing will be lower percentage of the total cost than if an organization commissions a bespoke piece of equipment to be designed and manufactured.
The following are a list of assets owned by fullpower projects.
Standard/off the shelf (Mass produced)
Projector from a shop-displayed files and document jackets from market
Desks and furniture
Bespoke/specialist - white board and marker
With extra, e.g. made with company color
Gift/ sovereign (bags and T. shirt) with coup any label, color and design Refer to the question column for response
문제6
What is the retention of title clause also known as?
What is the retention of title clause also known as?
정답:
Retention of title (ROT) states when ownership transfers from supplier to buyer.
The retention of title terms also referred to as the Romalpa clause, which is related to a legal case from 1976 between Aluminum industries Vaassen BV and Romalpa Aluminum LTD
The retention of title terms also referred to as the Romalpa clause, which is related to a legal case from 1976 between Aluminum industries Vaassen BV and Romalpa Aluminum LTD
문제7
Write all of factors that contribute towards value for a product that you regularly purchase.
Write all of factors that contribute towards value for a product that you regularly purchase.
정답:
Factors that contribute towards value for clothe gum in a fashion firm;
1) How much money does the gum cost?
2) How much is the benefits of using the clothe gum?
3) Does customers prefer clothe gum at the bottom of their garment?
4) Is the clothe gum difficult to use?
5) Does the clothe gum beautifies the fabric when placed properly?
6) Does it give a better finishing?
7) Is it ethical to use?
8) Is it from a sustainable source?
9) is it environmental friendly?
10) Does using clothe gum suggest innovation in fashion?
1) How much money does the gum cost?
2) How much is the benefits of using the clothe gum?
3) Does customers prefer clothe gum at the bottom of their garment?
4) Is the clothe gum difficult to use?
5) Does the clothe gum beautifies the fabric when placed properly?
6) Does it give a better finishing?
7) Is it ethical to use?
8) Is it from a sustainable source?
9) is it environmental friendly?
10) Does using clothe gum suggest innovation in fashion?
문제8
Explain with examples three differences between offers and invitation to treat.
Explain with examples three differences between offers and invitation to treat.
정답:
An offer is created when one party communicates to another or to multiple parties that they wish to enter into a legal binding agreement in accordance with the terms stated, for example; a company in promotion advertising for buyers to buy one and get one free, an offer is a buying organization communicating to a supplier to supply X number of goods and be paid x amount upon delivery at company premises, an offer is when a football club proposes to pay X amount to a player if agrees to play for them for a month. An offer can be legally banded if accepted, whereas invitation to treat does not. An invitation to treat is just an invitation from one party to another to begin negotiations with the intention of creating an offer. If an offer is made without stating terms, this becomes an invitation to treat, for example, an invitation to treat is when a pharmacy displays a drug in its shelf. An invitation to treat can be linked to a request a buyer send to suppliers asking them for specific information.
* Refer to the question column for response
* Refer to the question column for response
문제9
What are the four stages of decommissioning?
What are the four stages of decommissioning?
정답:
When a fixed asset reaches the end of its life, it requires decommissioning before reconditioning or disposal.
Decommissioning is to observe all the safety measures and technical procedures and stop active machinery or an asset from operation (example gas plan, generator, transformer etc.
Decommissioning process include the following aspect
1) Preparation: Plan the process
2) Dismantle: Take the asset apart and remove hazardous waste
3) Processing: make safe any hazardous waste
4) Disposal: Ensure paper work is received to confirm removal and disposal
Decommissioning is to observe all the safety measures and technical procedures and stop active machinery or an asset from operation (example gas plan, generator, transformer etc.
Decommissioning process include the following aspect
1) Preparation: Plan the process
2) Dismantle: Take the asset apart and remove hazardous waste
3) Processing: make safe any hazardous waste
4) Disposal: Ensure paper work is received to confirm removal and disposal
문제10
What Incoterm applies here?
The supplier is responsible for delivering the goods to a carrier or to an intermediate agreed place. From this point, the buyer is responsible for ensuring these goods reach their named destination.
What Incoterm applies here?
The supplier is responsible for delivering the goods to a carrier or to an intermediate agreed place. From this point, the buyer is responsible for ensuring these goods reach their named destination.
정답: C
문제11
Using the case study about Toyata, which type of benchmarking Tada has used when comparing the Toyata with Porsche?
Using the case study about Toyata, which type of benchmarking Tada has used when comparing the Toyata with Porsche?
정답:
Benchmarking is the process of comparing a function, process or performance with another which is best-in- class. Benchmarking is either internal or external. External benchmarking has three types; 1) Competition benchmarking, 2) Functional 3) Generic Company Toyota with the Porsche a competition in the same industry and by suggesting that drives will find the cars performances comparable with that of Porsche Cayman sports car, suggest think it is an external competitive benchmark.
문제12
Maximum Score: 25
(a) Outline the financial data that can be used in the process of supplier selection.
(10 marks)
(b) Explain THREE potential concerns for a buying organisation of selecting a supplier that has a current ratio of 0.67:1. (15 marks) K-cyber Shield Limited
11
Ashton Parsons is a newly appointed procurement specialist for a local government department. He has been recruited in response to a new government programme. The country ' s national government is currently promoting a programme of engagement with small and medium-size organisations (SMEs), to help build a healthy and diverse economy in the country. All local government departments have been tasked to engage with more local SME suppliers. One significant problem for SME suppliers compared with large national contractors is that they do not have the financial resources and track record of their larger competitors. This engagement programme is intended to change the reliance on just one or two large national contractors in each category of expenditure. In one category of expenditure, for a ten-year contract to supply Information Technology (IT) services to the local government department, a full invitation to tender document is to be issued shortly. Ashton has been asked to begin the sourcing process.
Ashton has received a range of data, including financial data, on one potential local supplier, K-cyber Shield Limited. All the data gathered so far has been received from independent, reliable and trusted sources.
One aspect of the financial data received to date on K-cyber Shield Limited shows that it has, at present, current assets of El 00,000 and current liabilities of El 50,000, giving a current ratio of 0.67:1.
Maximum Score: 25
(a) Outline the financial data that can be used in the process of supplier selection.
(10 marks)
(b) Explain THREE potential concerns for a buying organisation of selecting a supplier that has a current ratio of 0.67:1. (15 marks) K-cyber Shield Limited
11
Ashton Parsons is a newly appointed procurement specialist for a local government department. He has been recruited in response to a new government programme. The country ' s national government is currently promoting a programme of engagement with small and medium-size organisations (SMEs), to help build a healthy and diverse economy in the country. All local government departments have been tasked to engage with more local SME suppliers. One significant problem for SME suppliers compared with large national contractors is that they do not have the financial resources and track record of their larger competitors. This engagement programme is intended to change the reliance on just one or two large national contractors in each category of expenditure. In one category of expenditure, for a ten-year contract to supply Information Technology (IT) services to the local government department, a full invitation to tender document is to be issued shortly. Ashton has been asked to begin the sourcing process.
Ashton has received a range of data, including financial data, on one potential local supplier, K-cyber Shield Limited. All the data gathered so far has been received from independent, reliable and trusted sources.
One aspect of the financial data received to date on K-cyber Shield Limited shows that it has, at present, current assets of El 00,000 and current liabilities of El 50,000, giving a current ratio of 0.67:1.
정답:
See the answer in explanation below.
Explanation:
2(a) Outline the financial data that can be used in the process of supplier selection. (10 marks) When selecting a supplier, the buyer should assess financial data to judge whether the supplier is financially stable and capable of delivering the contract.
One key source is the balance sheet , which shows the supplier's assets, liabilities and overall financial position at a point in time. This helps the buyer assess net worth, debt levels and short-term financial strength.
Second , the income statement or profit and loss account shows revenue, costs and profit over a period. This helps the buyer understand whether the supplier is profitable and commercially sustainable.
Third , the cash flow statement is important because it shows whether the supplier is generating enough cash to fund operations and meet obligations. A profitable business can still fail if it has weak cash flow.
Fourth , buyers can use the annual report , including directors' comments and risk disclosures, to understand broader business performance and future outlook.
Fifth , buyers often calculate financial ratios such as:
* liquidity ratios like the current ratio and quick ratio
* profitability ratios such as net profit margin
* gearing ratios to assess dependence on borrowing.
Finally , the buyer may review financial trends over time and use independent credit reports or external financial checks from trusted sources.
Overall, these data sources help the buyer decide whether the supplier is financially strong enough to perform the contract.
2(b) Explain THREE potential concerns for a buying organisation of selecting a supplier that has a current ratio of 0.67:1. (15 marks) A current ratio of 0.67:1 means the supplier has only £0.67 of current assets for every £1 of current liabilities . This suggests weak short-term liquidity and creates several concerns for the buyer.
1. Difficulty meeting short-term obligations
The first concern is that the supplier may struggle to pay short-term debts such as wages, bills, subcontractors or software costs. If liabilities are higher than current assets, the supplier may face cash pressure. For the buyer, this raises concerns about whether the supplier can operate reliably throughout the contract.
2. Risk of poor performance or service disruption
A weak current ratio may mean the supplier has limited working capital to support day-to-day operations. In an IT services contract, this could affect staffing, maintenance, upgrades or continuity of service. For a local government department, any disruption could be serious because public services may depend on the supplier's performance.
3. Greater financial fragility
The third concern is that the supplier may rely too heavily on overdrafts, loans or faster customer payments to survive. This makes the supplier more financially vulnerable. If costs rise or cash inflows slow down, the supplier may experience serious financial difficulty or even fail during the contract.
In conclusion, a current ratio of 0.67:1 is a warning sign because it suggests weak liquidity. It does not automatically mean the supplier should be rejected, but the buying organisation should carry out further financial checks before awarding the contract.
Explanation:
2(a) Outline the financial data that can be used in the process of supplier selection. (10 marks) When selecting a supplier, the buyer should assess financial data to judge whether the supplier is financially stable and capable of delivering the contract.
One key source is the balance sheet , which shows the supplier's assets, liabilities and overall financial position at a point in time. This helps the buyer assess net worth, debt levels and short-term financial strength.
Second , the income statement or profit and loss account shows revenue, costs and profit over a period. This helps the buyer understand whether the supplier is profitable and commercially sustainable.
Third , the cash flow statement is important because it shows whether the supplier is generating enough cash to fund operations and meet obligations. A profitable business can still fail if it has weak cash flow.
Fourth , buyers can use the annual report , including directors' comments and risk disclosures, to understand broader business performance and future outlook.
Fifth , buyers often calculate financial ratios such as:
* liquidity ratios like the current ratio and quick ratio
* profitability ratios such as net profit margin
* gearing ratios to assess dependence on borrowing.
Finally , the buyer may review financial trends over time and use independent credit reports or external financial checks from trusted sources.
Overall, these data sources help the buyer decide whether the supplier is financially strong enough to perform the contract.
2(b) Explain THREE potential concerns for a buying organisation of selecting a supplier that has a current ratio of 0.67:1. (15 marks) A current ratio of 0.67:1 means the supplier has only £0.67 of current assets for every £1 of current liabilities . This suggests weak short-term liquidity and creates several concerns for the buyer.
1. Difficulty meeting short-term obligations
The first concern is that the supplier may struggle to pay short-term debts such as wages, bills, subcontractors or software costs. If liabilities are higher than current assets, the supplier may face cash pressure. For the buyer, this raises concerns about whether the supplier can operate reliably throughout the contract.
2. Risk of poor performance or service disruption
A weak current ratio may mean the supplier has limited working capital to support day-to-day operations. In an IT services contract, this could affect staffing, maintenance, upgrades or continuity of service. For a local government department, any disruption could be serious because public services may depend on the supplier's performance.
3. Greater financial fragility
The third concern is that the supplier may rely too heavily on overdrafts, loans or faster customer payments to survive. This makes the supplier more financially vulnerable. If costs rise or cash inflows slow down, the supplier may experience serious financial difficulty or even fail during the contract.
In conclusion, a current ratio of 0.67:1 is a warning sign because it suggests weak liquidity. It does not automatically mean the supplier should be rejected, but the buying organisation should carry out further financial checks before awarding the contract.